ECCouncil Updated 312-38 Exam Questions and Answers by teddy-james

Stateful Multilayer Inspection firewalls monitor the state of active connections and determine which network packets to allow through the firewall. They are designed to inspect the TCP handshake, which is the initial connection setup process between two hosts in a network. By monitoring this handshake, the firewall can determine whether a requested session is legitimate. This technology allows the firewall to not only filter packets based on predefined rules but also to ensure that the packets are part of an established and approved connection.

References: The role of Stateful Multilayer Inspection in monitoring TCP handshakes is covered in the Certified Network Defender (CND) course materials, which detail the functionalities of different firewall technologies and their application in network security123.

The Hub-and-Spoke VPN topology is designed to establish a persistent connection between a central hub, typically an organization’s main office, and its various branches. This topology is efficient for organizations with many branch offices that need to communicate with the main office but not necessarily with each other directly. It uses a third-party network or the Internet to create these connections, allowing for secure communication over potentially insecure networks like the Internet. The hub-and-spoke model reduces the number of tunnels required compared to other topologies, such as full mesh, which needs a direct tunnel between each site.

References: The information aligns with the VPN topologies described in Cisco’s documentation, which details that a hub-and-spoke topology usually represents an intranet VPN that connects an enterprise’s main office with branch offices using persistent connections12.

S/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) protocol implements the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) encryption algorithm for digital signatures in emails. Digital signatures are a key component of S/MIME, providing authentication, message integrity, and non-repudiation. RSA is a widely used public-key cryptosystem that facilitates secure data transmission and is known for its role in digital signatures. It works on the principle of asymmetric cryptography, where a pair of keys is used: a public key, which is shared openly, and a private key, which is kept secret by the owner. In the context of S/MIME, the sender’s email client uses the sender’s private key to create a digital signature, and the recipient’s email client uses the sender’s public key to verify the signature.

References: The information provided is based on the S/MIME protocol’s use of RSA encryption for digital signatures, as detailed in industry-standard documentation and resources like Microsoft Learn1 and the S/MIME Wikipedia page2.

 Simon’s situation requires a tool that can monitor and alert administrators of critical file changes across the network. Tripwire is a File Integrity Monitoring (FIM) tool that serves this exact purpose. It can detect changes to system and configuration files, directories, and registry keys, and it is especially useful for spotting unauthorized changes that could indicate a security breach. Tripwire can help ensure that important files have not been tampered with, which seems to be the concern for Simon’s network following the incident.

References: The Certified Network Defender (CND) course material and study guide from EC-Council include discussions on the importance of monitoring critical systems and protecting network integrity. Tripwire is often highlighted in industry resources as a robust FIM tool that aligns with the objectives of maintaining network security and integrity as outlined in the CND curriculum1.