ECCouncil Updated 312-38 Exam Questions and Answers by emilio

The technique Cindy is using is known as a half-open scan, or SYN scan. This method involves sending SYN packets, which are the initial step in establishing a TCP connection, to various hosts to determine if the ports are listening. If a host responds with a SYN/ACK, it indicates that the port is open and ready to establish a connection. Cindy then sends an RST packet to terminate the session before the connection is fully established. This type of scan is useful for mapping out live hosts on a network without completing the TCP three-way handshake, thus avoiding the creation of a full connection and reducing the likelihood of detection by intrusion detection systems.

References: The information about half-open scans can be found in various security resources and aligns with the ECCouncil’s Network Defender (CND) objectives. It is a common technique discussed in network security literature for its efficiency and stealth123.

 Lyle’s requirements indicate the need for a network-wide solution that is easy to implement and capable of dropping malicious packets to prevent external attacks. A Network Intrusion Prevention System (NIPS) is designed to be deployed across the network to inspect traffic and take action based on predefined security policies, such as dropping malicious packets. NIPS solutions are generally easier to manage and deploy compared to Host Intrusion Prevention Systems (HIPS), which require installation on individual endpoints. Moreover, NIPS can provide a centralized security solution for all the network nodes and workstation nodes that Lyle is concerned about, making it a suitable choice for his medium-sized company.

References: The Certified Network Defender (CND) course by EC-Council emphasizes the importance of understanding and using IDS/IPS technologies to protect, detect, respond, and predict network security incidents1. The course also covers the protect, detect, respond, and predict approach to network security, which aligns with the capabilities of a NIPS solution23.

Local Area Wireless Networks (LAWNs), commonly known as Wireless LANs (WLANs), typically use Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as the modulation technique. OFDM is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies. It is known for its efficiency in carrying high data rates over radio waves and its robustness against narrowband interference and frequency-selective fading due to multipath. This makes OFDM a suitable choice for LAWN environments where such conditions are prevalent.

References: The use of OFDM in WLANs is well-documented and is a standard practice in the industry. It is mentioned in various educational resources and official certification study guides related to network security and wireless communication standards12.

AppLocker whitelists applications by creating rules that specify which files are allowed to run. One of the primary methods for specifying these rules is through the use of Path Rules. Path Rules allow administrators to specify an allowed file or folder path, and any application within that path is permitted to run. This method is particularly useful for allowing applications from a known directory while blocking others that are not explicitly approved.

References: The official Microsoft documentation explains that AppLocker functions as an allowlist by default, where only files covered by one or more allow rules are permitted to run. Path Rules are a fundamental part of this allowlisting approach1. Additionally, other resources like security guidelines and best practices for Windows reinforce the use of Path Rules as a method for application whitelisting within AppLocker2