ECCouncil Updated 712-50 Exam Questions and Answers by reece

 Understanding the Attack PhasesAccording to EC-Council's methodology, attackers typically follow these sequential steps during a network attack:

Reconnaissance: The attacker gathers preliminary information about the target to identify vulnerabilities.

Scanning and Enumeration: Using tools to actively discover open ports, services, and potential weak points in the network.

Gaining Access: Exploiting identified vulnerabilities to penetrate the system or network.

Maintaining Access: Deploying backdoors, Trojans, or other mechanisms to ensure continued access even after the initial breach.

Covering Tracks: Removing logs, hiding activities, and employing obfuscation tactics to avoid detection.

 Correct OrderBased on the above explanation:

Reconnaissance (4) → Scanning and Enumeration (2) → Gaining Access (5) → Maintaining Access (3) → Covering Tracks (1).

 EC-Council References

CEH Phases of Hacking: These steps align with the five phases of hacking outlined in EC-Council's ethical hacking curriculum.

CISO Emphasis on Incident Lifecycle: A CISO must be familiar with attack methodologies to detect, mitigate, and respond effectively.

 WEP and Shared Key Authentication:WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) uses shared keys for authentication and encryption, meaning all devices and the access point use the same key for communication.

 Key Characteristics:

Relies on pre-shared keys.

Vulnerable to cryptographic attacks due to weak key management and reuse.

 Why Not Other Options:

B. Asynchronous: Not relevant in the context of WEP.

C. Open: Refers to an authentication method with no encryption, not involving shared keys.

D. None: Incorrect; WEP uses shared keys for authentication.

 EC-Council Guidance:Understanding WEP’s limitations and vulnerabilities is crucial for mitigating risks in wireless network environments.

 Explanation:

Chain of custody refers to the documentation and handling process that ensures digital evidence is collected, preserved, and transferred without tampering.

It is the most critical factor for legal admissibility, ensuring the integrity of the evidence from collection to courtroom presentation.

 Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Comprehensive log files: Logs are vital but meaningless in court without a proven chain of custody.

B. Trained forensic experts: Necessary for analysis, but uninterrupted chain of custody takes precedence for legal evidence.

D. Expert forensic witness: Important for interpreting evidence but secondary to evidence admissibility.

 EC-Council CISO Reference:Emphasizes the importance of maintaining the integrity and admissibility of digital evidence through proper chain of custody protocols.

 Explanation:

Deep-packet inspection (DPI) involves analyzing the content of packets in real-time as they traverse a network.

DPI can examine both headers and payloads of packets without introducing noticeable latency, making it suitable for real-time traffic monitoring.

 Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Traffic analysis: Focuses on metadata such as packet sizes, timing, and flow but does not inspect content.

C. Packet sampling: Involves analyzing only a subset of packets, potentially missing key information.

D. Heuristic analysis: Used for identifying patterns but does not specifically describe real-time deep inspection of packets.

 EC-Council CISO Reference:DPI is a critical technology discussed in advanced network security for monitoring and identifying malicious activity without impacting performance.