CompTIA Updated N10-009 Exam Questions and Answers by aasiyah

Introduction to OSI Model:

The OSI model is a conceptual framework used to understand network interactions in seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

Application Layer:

The application layer (Layer 7) is the topmost layer in the OSI model. It provides network services directly to end-user applications. This layer facilitates communication between software applications and lower layers of the network protocol stack.

Reliance on Other Layers:

The application layer relies on the transport layer (Layer 4) for data transfer across the network. The transport layer ensures reliable data delivery through protocols like TCP and UDP.

The network layer (Layer 3) is responsible for routing packets to their destination.

The data link layer (Layer 2) handles node-to-node data transfer and error detection.

The physical layer (Layer 1) deals with the physical connection between devices.

Explanation of the Options:

A. It relies upon other layers for packet delivery: This is correct. The application layer depends on the lower layers (transport, network, data link, and physical) for the actual delivery of data packets.

B. It checks independently for packet loss: This is incorrect. Packet loss detection is typically handled by the transport layer (e.g., TCP).

C. It encrypts data in transit: This is incorrect. Encryption is typically handled by the presentation layer or at the transport layer (e.g., TLS/SSL).

D. It performs address translation: This is incorrect. Address translation is performed by the network layer (e.g., NAT).

Conclusion:

The application layer’s primary role is to interface with the end-user applications and ensure that data is correctly presented to the user. It relies on the underlying layers to manage the actual data transport and delivery processes.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Full duplex modeallows devices tosend and receive data simultaneously, improving network performance andreducing congestion, which iscritical for VoIP and video conferencing.

Breakdown of Options:

A. A VLAN with 100Mbps speed limits– VLANssegment trafficbutlimiting speedsto100Mbpswouldworsenvideo performance.

B. An IP helper to direct VoIP traffic–IP helperis used forDHCP relay,notfor VoIP optimization.

C. A smaller subnet mask– A smaller subnet reducesIP address availabilitybut doesnot improve network performance.

D. Full duplex on all user ports–Correct answer.Full duplex eliminates collisions, allowingbetter VoIP and video performance.

Definition of GDPR:

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy for all individuals within the European Union and the European Economic Area. It also addresses the transfer of personal data outside the EU and EEA areas.

Scope and Objectives:

GDPR aims to give individuals control over their personal data and to simplify the regulatory environment for international business by unifying the regulation within the EU.

It enforces rules about data protection, requiring companies to protect the personal data and privacy of EU citizens for transactions that occur within EU member states.

Comparison with Other Options:

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition): Refers to control systems used in industrial and infrastructure processes, not related to personal data protection.

SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language): A standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, not specifically for personal data protection.

PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard): A set of security standards designed to ensure that all companies that accept, process, store or transmit credit card information maintain a secure environment, not specific to personal data protection in Europe.

Key Provisions:

GDPR includes provisions for data processing, data subject rights, obligations of data controllers and processors, and penalties for non-compliance.

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)is a Cisco proprietary advanced distance-vector routing protocol. While it operates within an Autonomous System (AS), itrequiresthe AS number to be configured for routers to recognize each other as EIGRP neighbors.

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)uses areas and routers must be in the same area to form adjacencies, but it doesn't require AS numbers in the same way.

FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol)is not a routing protocol but a group of protocols (e.g., HSRP, VRRP) to ensure high availability at the default gateway level.

RIP (Routing Information Protocol)does not use autonomous system numbers.

????Reference:

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Official Objectives: 3.1 – Compare and contrast various routing technologies.

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