Isaca Updated CISM Exam Questions and Answers by leena

The correct answer is D because the primary function of a web application firewall is to inspect, filter, and block malicious HTTP and HTTPS traffic directed at web applications. A WAF is specifically designed to protect web applications from attacks such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, malicious requests, and protocol abuse. It operates at the application layer and evaluates web requests and responses based on rules, signatures, behavior, and application-specific policies. Automatically modifying its configuration may be a feature of some advanced adaptive tools, but it is not the main defining feature of a WAF. Restricting external traffic within a private network is more closely related to network firewalls or segmentation controls. Redirecting distributed denial-of-service attacks is usually handled by DDoS protection services, content delivery networks, or traffic scrubbing solutions. In CISM terms, the correct control must match the risk and technology layer being protected. Since a WAF protects web applications by filtering web traffic, option D is the best answer.

 Before implementing any changes to the security incident response plan, the information security manager should first conduct a gap analysis to identify the current state of the plan and compare it with the new requirements. A gap analysis is a systematic process of evaluating the differences between the current and desired state of a system, process, or program. A gap analysis can help to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the existing plan, the gaps that need to be addressed, the priorities and dependencies of the actions, and the resources and costs involved. A gap analysis can also help to create a business case for the changes and justify the investment. A gap analysis can be conducted using various methods and tools, such as frameworks, standards, benchmarks, questionnaires, interviews, audits, or tests1234.

References =

CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, page 1631

CISM certified information security manager study guide, page 452

How To Conduct An Information Security Gap Analysis3

PROACTIVE DETECTION - GOOD PRACTICES GAP ANALYSIS RECOMMENDATIONS4

Even with cybersecurity insurance, the organization remains ultimately accountable for the impact of a breach (C). Insurance represents risk transfer, not risk elimination or avoidance. CISM clearly states that accountability for risk cannot be transferred; only financial impact may be partially offset. Insurance does not justify reducing security controls (B) and does not constitute redundant controls (D). Avoidance (A) would require eliminating the risky activity entirely. Management must continue to manage, monitor, and mitigate risk in line with appetite, regardless of insurance coverage.

 Replacing key controls with weaker compensating controls may introduce new vulnerabilities or increase the likelihood or impact of existing threats, thus raising the risk levels beyond the acceptable limits defined by the risk appetite and tolerance of the organization. This may expose the organization to unacceptable losses or damages, such as financial, reputational, legal, or operational. Therefore, the information security manager should be most concerned about the potential elevation of risk levels and ensure that the risk owner is aware of the consequences and accountable for the decision.

References = CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, Chapter 2: Information Risk Management, Section: Risk Treatment, page 941.