Isaca Updated CISM Exam Questions and Answers by danyal

The most important information to include in monthly information security reports to the board is the trend analysis of security metrics. Security metrics are quantitative and qualitative measures that indicate the performance and effectiveness of the information security program and the alignment with the business objectives. Trend analysis is the process of comparing and evaluating the changes and patterns of security metrics over time. Trend analysis can help to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the information security program, the progress and achievements of the security goals and initiatives, the gaps and opportunities for improvement, and the impact and value of the information security investments. Trend analysis can also help to communicate the current and future security risks and challenges, and the recommended actions and strategies to address them. Trend analysis can provide the board with a clear and concise overview of the information security status and direction, and enable informed and timely decision making.

References =

CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, page 1631

The CISO’s Guide to Reporting Cybersecurity to the Board2

CISM 2020: Information Security Metrics and Reporting, video 13

 The primary purpose of business continuity and disaster recovery plans is to ensure that the organization can resume its critical business functions within the stated recovery time objectives (RTOs) after a disruptive event. RTOs are based on the business needs and the impact analysis of each function or process. Therefore, meeting the business needs is the best indicator that the plans are effective. Regulatory requirements, internal compliance requirements, and risk management objectives are important factors that influence the development and testing of the plans, but they are not the ultimate measure of their effectiveness. References = CISM Certified Information Security Manager Study Guide, Chapter 9: Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery, page 3071; CISM Foundations: Module 4 Course, Part Two: Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Plans2; Imperva, Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Planning (BCP & DRP)3

= The most important message to convey to employees in building a security risk-aware culture is that the responsibility for security rests with all employees, not just the information security function or the management. A security risk-aware culture is a collective mindset of the people in the organization working every day to protect the enterprise and its information assets from internal and external threats. A security risk-aware culture requires the workforce to know the security risks and the processes for avoiding or mitigating them, and to make thoughtful decisions that align with security policies and standards. A security risk-aware culture also incorporates a broader corporate culture of day-to-day actions that encourage employees to report security incidents, share security best practices, and participate in security awareness and training programs. A security risk-aware culture helps to reduce the human factor that causes 90 percent of all cyberattacks, and to offset the impact of corrupted or lost data, decreased revenue, regulatory fines, and reputational damage. A security risk-aware culture turns people from assets that must be protected into assets that actively contribute to the cybersecurity and risk management posture and elevate security to being a business enabler rather than a business impediment123.

Personal information requires different security controls than sensitive information is a true statement, but it is not the most important message to convey to employees in building a security risk-aware culture. Personal information is any information that can identify or relate to a natural person, such as name, address, email, phone number, social security number, etc. Sensitive information is any information that is confidential, proprietary, or has a high value or impact to the organization, such as trade secrets, financial data, customer data, intellectual property, etc. Different types of information may have different legal, regulatory, contractual, or ethical obligations to protect them from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification, or destruction. Therefore, different security controls may be applied to personal and sensitive information based on their classification, such as encryption, access control, retention, disposal, etc. However, this message does not address the broader concept of security risk-aware culture, which is not limited to information classification and protection, but also encompasses the behaviors, attitudes, and values of the employees towards security.

Employee access should be based on the principle of least privilege is a good practice, but it is not the most important message to convey to employees in building a security risk-aware culture. The principle of least privilege states that users should only have the minimum level of access and permissions that are necessary to perform their job functions, and no more. This principle helps to reduce the risk of unauthorized or inappropriate actions, such as data leakage, fraud, sabotage, etc., by limiting the exposure and impact of user activities. However, this message does not capture the essence of security risk-aware culture, which is not only about access control, but also about the awareness, understanding, and commitment of the employees to security.

Understanding an information asset’s value is critical to risk management is a valid point, but it is not the most important message to convey to employees in building a security risk-aware culture. Understanding an information asset’s value is essential to determine the potential impact and likelihood of a security risk, and to prioritize the appropriate risk response strategies, such as avoidance, mitigation, transfer, or acceptance. However, this message does not reflect the holistic nature of security risk-aware culture, which is not only about risk assessment, but also about risk communication, risk treatment, and risk monitoring. References =

Building a Culture of Security - ISACA2

The Risk-Conscious, Security-Aware Culture: The Forgotten Critical Security Control - Cisco3

CISM ITEM DEVELOPMENT GUIDE - ISACA4

According to the Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) Study Manual, "The primary objective of information security governance is to provide a framework for managing and controlling information security practices and technologies at an enterprise level. Its goal is to manage and reduce risk through a process of identification, assessment, and management of those risks."

While demonstrating senior management commitment, compliance with industry best practices, and ensuring user compliance with policies are all important aspects of information security governance, they are not the primary objective. The primary objective is to manage and reduce risk by establishing a framework for managing and controlling information security practices and technologies at an enterprise level.