Isaca Updated CGEIT Exam Questions and Answers by enid

Enterprise architecture (EA) is a discipline that defines and organizes the components, relationships, principles, and standards of an organization’s IT environment. EA can help to align IT with business strategy and objectives, optimize IT performance and value, and manage IT complexity and change12.

One of the benefits of EA is that it can help to address the concern of duplicate IT applications and services across an enterprise. EA can help to identify and eliminate the redundancies, inconsistencies, and inefficiencies in the IT landscape, by providing a holistic and integrated view of the current and future state of IT. EA can also help to rationalize and consolidate the IT applications and services, by establishing a common framework, taxonomy, and governance for IT decision making. EA can also help to improve the integration and interoperability of IT applications and services, by defining the interfaces, protocols, and standards for data exchange123.

Some examples of how EA can help to address the concern of duplicate IT applications and services are:

• EA can help to conduct an inventory and assessment of the existing IT applications and services, to determine their purpose, scope, functionality, quality, cost, and value. EA can also help to compare and contrast the IT applications and services across different business units, to identify the overlaps, gaps, or conflicts among them4.
• EA can help to define and prioritize the business needs and requirements for IT applications and services, to ensure that they support the business goals and processes. EA can also help to evaluate and select the best IT solutions for each business need, based on criteria such as feasibility, suitability, scalability, security, compliance, etc5.
• EA can help to design and implement a target IT architecture that eliminates or minimizes the duplicate IT applications and services, by using approaches such as application portfolio management (APM), service-oriented architecture (SOA), or cloud computing. EA can also help to plan and execute a migration strategy that ensures a smooth transition from the current to the target state .
• EA can help to monitor and control the IT applications and services, by using metrics, indicators, and reports to measure their performance, availability, reliability, quality, and value. EA can also help to review and update the IT applications and services regularly, by using feedback mechanisms and continuous improvement practices .

References:

What is Enterprise Architecture? Definition & Frameworks. Enterprise Architecture: Definition & Best Practices. How Enterprise Architecture Can Help You Eliminate Technical Debt. Application Inventory: Definition & Best Practices. Business Requirements: Definition & Best Practices. [Application Portfolio Management: Definition & Best Practices]. [Service-Oriented Architecture: Definition & Benefits]. [IT Performance Management: Definition & Best Practices]. [Continuous Improvement: Definition & Best Practices].

The finding that should be of greatest concern to senior management is that response decisions were made without consulting the appropriate authority. This is because response decisions are critical actions that can affect the outcome and impact of a security incident, and they should be made by the designated authority who has the responsibility and accountability for the incident response. According to CISA, the Department of Justice, through the FBI and the NCIJTF, is the lead agency for threat response during a significant incident, with DHS’s investigative agencies—the Secret Service and ICE/HSI - playing a crucial role in criminal investigations1. If response decisions are made without consulting the appropriate authority, it may result in:

• Legal or regulatory violations: The response actions may not comply with the applicable laws or regulations, such as data breach notification, evidence preservation, or privacy protection. This may expose the organization to legal or regulatory penalties, lawsuits, or reputational damage.
• Ineffective or counterproductive actions: The response actions may not be aligned with the incident response plan, best practices, or standard operating procedures. This may cause more harm than good, such as escalating the incident, destroying evidence, or compromising recovery efforts.
• Lack of coordination and communication: The response actions may not be coordinated or communicated with the relevant stakeholders, such as senior management, legal counsel, public relations, or external partners. This may lead to confusion, inconsistency, or mistrust among the parties involved in the incident response.

Therefore, senior management should be most concerned about the finding that response decisions were made without consulting the appropriate authority, and they should take corrective actions to prevent this from happening again in the future. References: Cybersecurity Incident Response | CISA1

Prior to setting IT objectives, an enterprise must have established its strategies. Strategies are the high-level plans that define the direction and goals of the enterprise and how it will achieve them. Strategies provide the context and guidance for setting IT objectives, which are the specific and measurable outcomes that IT will deliver to support the strategies. IT objectives should be aligned with and derived from the enterprise strategies, as well as the enterprise vision, mission, and values

Risk appetite is the greatest concern from a governance perspective when two large financial institutions with different corporate cultures are engaged in a merger, because it reflects the amount and type of risk that the organizations are willing to pursue, retain, or take in order to achieve their strategic objectives. Risk appetite is influenced by various factors, such as organizational culture, values, beliefs, and behaviors, as well as external factors, such as market conditions, regulations, and stakeholder expectations. Therefore, if the two merging organizations have different risk appetites, this may create challenges and conflicts in aligning their strategies, policies, processes, and systems. It may also affect their performance, compliance, reputation, and value creation. Therefore, it is important to assess and harmonize the risk appetites of the two organizations and ensure that they are consistent with their merged vision, goals, and needs. References := Good Governance Institute Board guidance on risk appetite, Risk Appetite: A Conversation of Governance, Organisations must define their IT risk appetite and tolerance