Isaca Updated CISA Exam Questions and Answers by thiago

The answer B is correct because Software as a Service (SaaS) provider is the most efficient solution for a multi-location healthcare organization that wants to be able to access patient data wherever patients present themselves for care. SaaS is a cloud computing model that allows users to access software applications over the internet, without having to install, maintain, or update them on their own devices or servers. SaaS providers host and manage the software applications and the underlying infrastructure, and handle any issues such as security, availability, and performance.

SaaS can offer several benefits for a multi-location healthcare organization, such as:

Accessibility: SaaS applications can be accessed from any device and location that has an internet connection, which enables the healthcare organization to access patient data across different facilities and regions, and provide seamless and coordinated care to the patients.

Scalability: SaaS applications can scale up or down according to the demand and usage of the healthcare organization, which allows the organization to accommodate fluctuations in patient volume, data volume, or service requirements.

Cost-effectiveness: SaaS applications are usually offered on a subscription or pay-per-use basis, which reduces the upfront and ongoing costs of purchasing, installing, and maintaining software licenses, hardware, and IT staff.

Security: SaaS providers are responsible for ensuring the security and privacy of the software applications and the data they store, which can help the healthcare organization comply with the relevant regulations and standards, such as HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) or GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation).

Some examples of SaaS providers that offer solutions for healthcare organizations are:

Epic: Epic is a leading provider of electronic health record (EHR) systems that enable healthcare organizations to store, manage, and share patient data across different settingsandspecialties. Epic also offers cloud-based solutions that allow healthcare organizations to access Epic’s software applications over the internet, without having to host them on their own servers.

Salesforce Health Cloud: Salesforce Health Cloud is a cloud-based platform that helps healthcare organizations connect with patients, providers, payers, and partners. Salesforce Health Cloud enables healthcare organizations to manage patient relationships, coordinate care teams, engage patients through personalized journeys, and leverage data and analytics to improve outcomes and efficiency.

DocuSign: DocuSign is a cloud-based platform that enables users to sign, send, and manage documents electronically. DocuSign can help healthcare organizations streamline workflows, reduce errors, and enhance compliance by automating the process of obtaining signatures for consent forms, contracts, prescriptions, referrals, and other documents.

The other options are not as efficient as option B. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provider (option A) is a cloud computing model that provides users with access to computing resources such as servers, storage, network, and operating systems over the internet. IaaS can offer some benefits such as flexibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness for a multi-location healthcare organization, but it also requires more technical expertise and management from the organization than SaaS. The organization would still need to install, configure, update, and secure the software applications that run on the IaaS infrastructure. Network segmentation (option C) is a technique that divides a network into smaller subnetworks based on criteria such as function, location, or security level. Network segmentation can improve the performance, security, and manageability of a network by reducing congestion, isolating threats, and enforcing policies. However, network segmentation alone does not enable a multi-location healthcare organization to access patient data wherever patients present themselves for care. The organization would still need a software solution that can store, manage, and share patient data across different segments of the network. Dynamic localization (option D) is a process that adapts the content and functionality of a software application to suit the preferences and needs of users in different locations or regions. Dynamic localization can enhance the user experience and satisfaction by providing relevant information in local languages, currencies, formats, and regulations. However, dynamic localization does not address the core issue of accessing patient data wherever patients present themselves for care. The organization would still need a software solution that can store, manage, and share patient data across different locations or regions.

References:

Epic

Salesforce Health Cloud

DocuSign

 An IT risk assessment is the process of identifying and assessing the threats facing an organization’s information systems, networks, and data. An IT risk assessment helps an organization to understand its current risk profile, prioritize its risks, and implement appropriate controls to mitigate them. An IT risk assessment also helps an organization to comply with relevant laws and standards, such as ISO 27001 or CMMC.

One of the key steps in an IT risk assessment is the identification of vulnerabilities. Vulnerabilities are the weaknesses or gaps in an organization’s information security that could be exploited by internal or external threats. Vulnerabilities can exist in various aspects of an organization’s information security, such as:

Hardware: The physical devices and components that store or process information

Software: The applications and programs that run on hardware devices

Network: The communication channels and protocols that connect hardware devices

Data: The information that is stored or transmitted by hardware devices or software applications

People: The users or personnel who access or manage information systems or data

Processes: The procedures or workflows that govern how information systems or data are used or maintained

By identifying vulnerabilities in each of these aspects, an organization can assess its exposure to potential threats, such as hackers, malware, natural disasters, human errors, or sabotage. By identifying vulnerabilities, an organization can also determine its risk level for each threat scenario, based on the likelihood and impact of a successful attack. By identifying vulnerabilities, an organization can also identify the existing or required controls to prevent or reduce the impact of an attack.

Therefore, an IT risk assessment should include the identification of vulnerabilities as a crucial component.

References:

4: What Is an IT Risk Assessment? (Plus Benefits and Components) | Indeed.com

5: How to Perform a Successful IT Risk Assessment - Hyperproof

6: IT Risk Resources | ISACA

Recovery facilities providing a redundant combination of Internet connections to the local communications loop is an example of last-mile circuit protection. Last-mile circuit protection is a type of telecommunications continuity that ensures the availability and redundancy of the final segment of the network that connects the end-user to the service provider. The local communications loop, also known as the local loop or subscriber line, is the physical link between the customer premises and the nearest central office or point of presence of the service provider. Byhavingmultiple Internet connections from different providers or technologies, such as cable, DSL, fiber, wireless, or satellite, the recoveryfacilities can avoid losing connectivity in case one of the connections fails or is disrupted by a disaster5.

References:

9: Last Mile Redundancy - How to Ensure Business Continuity - Multapplied Networks

 The most important factor to consider when developing a service level agreement (SLA) is the description of the services from the viewpoint of the client organization, because the SLA shouldreflect the needs and expectations of the client and specify the measurable outcomes and performance indicators that the provider must deliver34. The description of the services from the viewpoint of the provider, the detailed identification of work to be completed, and the provisions for regulatory requirements that impact the end users’ businesses are also important elements of an SLA, but not as crucial as the client’sperspective. References: 3: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 5, Section 5.3.1 4: CISA Online Review Course, Module 5, Lesson 3