Isaca Updated CISA Exam Questions and Answers by lawson

The auditor should be most concerned about the information security policy not being approved by the policy owner. This is because the policy owner is the person who has the authority and accountability for ensuring that the policy is implemented and enforced. Without the policy owner’s approval, the policy may not reflect the organization’s objectives, risks, and compliance requirements. The policy owner is usually a senior executive or a board member who has a stake in the information security governance. The other options are less critical than the policy owner’s approval, although they may also indicate some weaknesses in the policy development and maintenance process. References:

CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 1, Section 1.21

CISA Online Review Course, Domain 5, Module 1, Lesson 12

 IT governance should be driven by organizational strategies. It provides a formal structure for organizations to produce measurable results toward achieving their strategies and ensures that IT investments support business objectives12. While business unit initiatives, balanced scorecards, and policies and standards can play a role in IT governance, they are tools or methods that support the implementation of the organizational strategies.

Hashing is a technique that transforms data into a fixed-length value, called a hash or a digest, that uniquely represents the original data. Hashing can be used to validate the integrity of data communicated between production databases and a big data analytics system by comparing the hash values of the data before and after the communication. If the hash values match, the data has not been altered; if they differ, the data has been tampered with or corrupted. Hashing is a better security control than encrypting, running and comparing the count function, or hosting a digital certificate for this purpose because:

Encrypting in-scope data sets can protect the confidentiality of the data, but not necessarily the integrity. Encryption algorithms can be broken or bypassed by malicious actors, or encryption keys can be compromised or lost. Moreover, encryption adds overhead to the communication process and may affect the performance of the big data analytics system.

Running and comparing the count function within the in-scope data sets can only verify the number of records or elements in the data sets, but not the content or quality of the data. The count function cannot detect any changes or errors in the data values, such as missing, duplicated, corrupted, or manipulated data.

Hosting a digital certificate for in-scope data sets can provide authentication and non-repudiation for the data sources, but not integrity for the data itself. A digital certificate is a document that contains information about the identity and public key of an entity, such as a person, organization, or device. A digital certificate does not contain or verify the actual data that is communicated between production databases and a big data analytics system.

The best method for maintaining the security of corporate applications pushed to employee-owned mobile devices is implementing mobile device management (MDM). MDM is a software solution that allows an organization to remotely manage, configure, and secure the mobile devices that access its network and data. MDM can help protect corporate applications on employee-owned devices by:

Enforcing security policies and settings, such as encryption, password, firewall, antivirus, and VPN.

Controlling the installation, update, and removal of corporate applications and data.

Separating corporate and personal data and applications on the device using containers or profiles.

Monitoring and auditing the device’s compliance status, activity, and location.

Performing remote actions, such as lock, wipe, backup, or restore, in case of loss, theft, or compromise.

MDM can provide a comprehensive and centralized approach to maintain the security of corporate applications on employee-owned devices, regardless of the device type, platform, or ownership. MDM can also help the organization comply with regulatory and industry standards for data protection and privacy.

Enabling remote data destruction capabilities is a useful feature for maintaining the security of corporate applications on employee-owned devices, but it is not the best method by itself. Remote data destruction allows the organization to erase the corporate data and applications from the device in case of loss, theft, or compromise. However, this feature does not prevent unauthorized access or misuse of the corporate data and applications before they are destroyed. Remote data destruction is usually part of an MDM solution.

Disabling unnecessary network connectivity options is a good practice for maintaining the security of corporate applications on employee-owned devices,but it is not the best method by itself. Network connectivity options, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, or USB, can expose the device to potential attacks or data leakage. Disabling these options when they are not needed can reduce the attack surface and improve battery life. However, this practice does not address other security risks or requirements for the corporate applications on the device. Disabling network connectivity options can also be part of an MDM solution.

Requiring security awareness training for mobile users is an important measure for maintaining the security of corporate applications on employee-owned devices, but it is not the best method by itself. Security awareness training can educate the users about the potential threats and best practices for using their devices securely. It can also help foster a culture of security and responsibility among the users. However, security awareness training cannot guarantee that the users will follow the security policies and guidelines consistently and correctly. Security awareness training should be complemented by technical controls, such as MDM.