PECB Updated ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor Exam Questions and Answers by neve

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

The CIA Triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability) is the foundation of information security principles.

Availability ensures that data and services are accessible when needed. By implementing regular, automated backups and offsite storage, the organization ensures that critical data remains accessible even after a security incident (e.g., data loss, cyberattacks, or hardware failures). This aligns with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A Control A.8.13 (Information Backup), which emphasizes maintaining and testing backups to ensure system resilience.

Integrity ensures that data remains unaltered and accurate, but backups do not inherently enforce integrity unless accompanied by checksum or validation mechanisms.

Confidentiality ensures that only authorized users can access data, which is not the primary goal of a backup procedure.

The non-conformity you have identified relates to the organization's failure to implement adequate operational controls to ensure that service and regulatory requirements for data protection are met. This situation is particularly critical given the nature of the items being shipped, which include sensitive medical information and government documents. The fact that 15% of returned parcels have labels for different addresses, potentially exposing sensitive information to incorrect recipients, underscores the lack of effective information security practices.

The best description of the non-conformity, based on the details provided and the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, particularly clause 8.1 which deals with operational planning and control, would be:

C. The organisation does not have an effective process in place that ensures service requirements and regulatory requirements for data protection are met. Records show that 15% of returned parcels have disclosed information intended for another party to the recipient (which may include sensitive medical information or government department communications) without adequate operational controls to meet information security requirements.

This option accurately captures the essence of the non-conformity by highlighting the lack of effective operational controls to protect sensitive information, leading to potential unauthorized disclosure of information intended for another party. This is a direct violation of information security management principles, particularly those related to the protection of confidentiality and integrity of information as mandated by ISO/IEC 27001:2022.

B. 8.12 Data leakage protection. This is true because the auditee should have implemented measures to prevent unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information, such as personal data, medical records, or official documents, that are contained in the parcels. Data leakage protection could include encryption, authentication, access control, logging, and monitoring of data transfers12.

D. 6.3 Information security awareness, education, and training. This is true because the auditee should have ensured that all employees and contractors involved in the shipping process are aware of the information security policies and procedures, and have received appropriate training on how to handle and protect the information assets in their custody. Information security awareness, education, and training could include induction programmes, periodic refreshers, awareness campaigns, e-learning modules, and feedback mechanisms13.

E. 7.10 Storage media. This is true because the auditee should have implemented controls to protect the storage media that contain information assets from unauthorized access, misuse, theft, loss, or damage. Storage media could include paper documents, optical disks, magnetic tapes, flash drives, or hard disks14. Storage media controls could include physical locks, encryption, backup, disposal, or destruction14.

F. 8.3 Information access restriction. This is true because the auditee should have implemented controls to restrict access to information assets based on the principle of least privilege and the need-to-know basis. Information access restriction could include identification, authentication, authorization, accountability, and auditability of users and systems that access information assets15.

I. 7.4 Physical security monitoring. This is true because the auditee should have implemented controls to monitor the physical security of the premises where information assets are stored or processed. Physical security monitoring could include CCTV cameras, alarms, sensors, guards, or patrols16. Physical security monitoring could help detect and deter unauthorized physical access or intrusion attempts16.

J. 5.13 Labelling of information. This is true because the auditee should have implemented controls to label information assets according to their classification level and handling instructions. Labelling of information could include markings, tags, stamps, stickers, or barcodes1 . Labelling of information could help identify and protect information assets from unauthorized disclosure or misuse1 .

References :=

ISO/IEC 27002:2022 Information technology — Security techniques — Code of practice for information security controls

ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Requirements

ISO/IEC 27003:2022 Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Guidance

ISO/IEC 27004:2022 Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Monitoring measurement analysis and evaluation

ISO/IEC 27005:2022 Information technology — Security techniques — Information security risk management

ISO/IEC 27006:2022 Information technology — Security techniques — Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of information security management systems

[ISO/IEC 27007:2022 Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for information security management systems auditing]