Isaca Updated CCOA Exam Questions and Answers by hayden

Theprimary purposeof adopting acybersecurity frameworkis to establish astandardized approach to managing cybersecurity risks.

Consistency:Provides a structured methodology for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks.

Best Practices:Incorporates industry standards and practices (e.g., NIST, ISO/IEC 27001) to guide security programs.

Holistic Risk Management:Helps organizations systematically address vulnerabilities and threats.

Compliance and Assurance:While compliance may be a secondary benefit, the primary goal is risk management and structured security.

Other options analysis:

A. To ensure compliance:While frameworks can aid compliance, their main purpose is risk management, not compliance itself.

B. To automate processes:Frameworks may encourage automation, but automation is not their core purpose.

D. To guarantee protection:No framework canguaranteecomplete protection; they reduce risk, not eliminate it.

CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:

Chapter 3: Cybersecurity Frameworks and Standards:Discusses the primary purpose of frameworks in risk management.

Chapter 10: Governance and Policy:Covers how frameworks standardize security processes.

When a cybersecurity analyst discovers a vulnerability, thefirst stepis to follow theorganization’s incident response procedures.

Consistency:Ensures that the vulnerability is handled systematically and consistently.

Risk Mitigation:Prevents hasty actions that could disrupt services or result in data loss.

Documentation:Helps record the discovery, assessment, and remediation steps for future reference.

Coordination:Involves relevant stakeholders, including IT, security teams, and management.

Incorrect Options:

A. Restart the web server:May cause service disruption and does not address the root cause.

B. Shut down the application:Premature without assessing the severity and impact.

D. Attempt to exploit the vulnerability:This should be part of the risk assessment after following the response protocol.

Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:

Refer to Chapter 6, Section "Incident Response and Management," Subsection "Initial Response Procedures" - Follow established protocols to ensure controlled and coordinated action.

TheTransport layerof theTCP/IP stackis responsible for thereliable transmission of databetween hosts.

Protocols:IncludesTCP (Transmission Control Protocol)andUDP (User Datagram Protocol).

Reliable Data Delivery:TCP ensures data integrity and order through sequencing, error checking, and acknowledgment.

Flow Control and Congestion Handling:Uses mechanisms likewindowingto manage data flow efficiently.

Connection-Oriented Communication:Establishes a session between sender and receiver for reliable data transfer.

Other options analysis:

A. Link:Deals with physical connectivity and media access.

B. Internet:Handles logical addressing and routing.

C. Application:Facilitates user interactions and application-specific protocols (like HTTP, FTP).

CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:

Chapter 4: Network Protocols and Layers:Details the role of the Transport layer in reliable data transmission.

Chapter 6: TCP/IP Protocol Suite:Explains the functions of each layer.

Target discovery and service enumerationare fundamental steps in thereconnaissance phaseof an attack. An attacker typically:

Discovers Hosts and Services:Identifies active devices and open ports on a network.

Enumerates Services:Determines which services are running on open ports to understand possible entry points.

Identify Attack Vectors:Once services are mapped, attackers look for vulnerabilities specific to those services.

Tools:Attackers commonly use tools likeNmaporMasscanfor port scanning and enumeration.

Other options analysis:

A. Corrupting process memory:Typically associated with exploitation rather than reconnaissance.

C. Deploying backdoors:This occurs after gaining access, not during the initial discovery phase.

D. Gaining privileged access:Typically follows successful exploitation, not discovery.

CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:

Chapter 6: Threat Hunting and Reconnaissance:Covers methods used for identifying attack surfaces.

Chapter 8: Network Scanning Techniques:Details how attackers use scanning tools to identify open ports and services.