Cisco Updated 500-470 Exam Questions and Answers by zoha

The 4D Training is a methodology that helps Systems Engineers and Field Engineers to understand and sell Cisco Enterprise Networks solutions, such as SD-Access, SD-WAN, and ISE. The 4D stands for Discovery, Design, Demonstrate, and Defend12. These are the four phases of the sales cycle that the training covers, with each phase having specific objectives, activities, and outcomes.

• Discovery: This phase involves identifying the customer’s needs, challenges, goals, and opportunities, as well as the current state of their network. The objective is to establish a trusted relationship with the customer and uncover their pain points and requirements. The activities include conducting interviews, surveys, assessments, and audits. The outcome is a clear understanding of the customer’s business and technical drivers, as well as their readiness and willingness to adopt Cisco solutions.
• Design: This phase involves creating a high-level solution architecture that meets the customer’s needs and aligns with their vision. The objective is to demonstrate the value proposition and benefits of Cisco solutions, as well as the differentiation from the competition. The activities include developing use cases, scenarios, diagrams, and presentations. The outcome is a compelling and customized solution design that addresses the customer’s challenges and opportunities.
• Demonstrate: This phase involves showing the capabilities and features of Cisco solutions in action, using live or simulated environments. The objective is to validate the solution design and showcase the advantages and benefits of Cisco solutions, as well as the ease of deployment and operation. The activities include conducting demos, proofs of concept, pilots, and trials. The outcome is a positive customer experience and feedback, as well as a confirmation of the solution fit and feasibility.
• Defend: This phase involves addressing the customer’s objections, concerns, and questions, as well as overcoming any barriers or risks that may prevent the deal closure. The objective is to reinforce the value proposition and benefits of Cisco solutions, as well as the trust and credibility of Cisco as a partner. The activities include providing references, testimonials, case studies, and best practices. The outcome is a successful deal closure and customer satisfaction.

Therefore, the definition that is not part of the 4D Training is Deploy, which is not one of the four phases of the sales cycle that the training covers.

References:

 1: [500-470 ENSDENG - Cisco] : 2: [500-490 ENDESIGN - Cisco]

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst3750/software/release/15-0_2_se

/configuration/guide/scg3750/sw8021x.pdf

The protocol that is used between an endpoint and a switch with an 802.1 authentication is EAP, which stands for Extensible Authentication Protocol. EAP is a framework that defines how the endpoint (also called the supplicant) and the switch (also called the authenticator) exchange authentication messages over a wired or wireless network. EAP supports various authentication methods, such as passwords, certificates, tokens, or biometrics, and can be encapsulated in different transport protocols, such as RADIUS, Diameter, or EAPOL. EAP is used in 802.1X authentication, which is a standard for port-based network access control that prevents unauthorized access to a network1.

The other options, TACACS, MAB, and RADIUS, are not protocols that are used between an endpoint and a switch with an 802.1 authentication. TACACS is a protocol that provides remote authentication and authorization for network devices, such as routers or switches, but it is not used for endpoint authentication. MAB is a technique that uses the MAC address of an endpoint as a credential for 802.1X authentication, but it is not a protocol itself. RADIUS is a protocol that provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting for network access, but it is not used directly between the endpoint and the switch, but rather between the switch and the authentication server1. References := : 2: What Is 802.1X Authentication? How Does 802.1x Work? - Fortinet2, 1: IEEE 802.1X - Wikipedia1

https://www.arista.com/assets/data/pdf/Whitepapers/Arista_Networks_VXLAN_White_Paper.pdf

A VxLAN header adds 50 bytes to an original Ethernet frame. This is because a VxLAN header consists of the following components:

• 8-byte outer UDP header for VxLAN: The default VxLAN destination UDP port number is 47891
• 20-byte outer IP header: Valid addresses of VTEPs or VxLAN multicast groups on the transport network. Devices in the transport network forward VxLAN packets based on the outer IP header1
• 8-byte VxLAN header: VxLAN information for the frame. It includes a 24-bit VxLAN Network Identifier (VNI) that identifies the VxLAN of the frame, and an 8-bit flags field that indicates the validity of the VNI1
• 14-byte inner Ethernet header: The original Ethernet header of the encapsulated frame. It includes the source and destination MAC addresses, the EtherType, and optionally a 4-byte VLAN tag2

The total size of these components is 8 + 20 + 8 + 14 = 50 bytes. Therefore, a VxLAN header adds 50 bytes to an original Ethernet frame.

References :=

• VXLAN packet format - Aruba
• MTU Considerations for VXLAN | Matt Oswalt