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LPI 201-450 Exam Topics, Blueprint and Syllabus

LPIC-2 Exam 201, Part 1 of 2, version 4.5

Last Update December 26, 2024
Total Questions : 161

Our LPIC-2 Certified Linux Engineer 201-450 exam questions and answers cover all the topics of the latest LPIC-2 Exam 201, Part 1 of 2, version 4.5 exam, See the topics listed below. We also provide LPI 201-450 exam dumps with accurate exam content to help you prepare for the exam quickly and easily. Additionally, we offer a range of LPI 201-450 resources to help you understand the topics covered in the exam, such as LPIC-2 Certified Linux Engineer video tutorials, 201-450 study guides, and 201-450 practice exams. With these resources, you can develop a better understanding of the topics covered in the exam and be better prepared for success.

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LPI 201-450 Exam Overview :

Exam Name LPIC-2 Exam 201, Part 1 of 2, version 4.5
Exam Code 201-450
Actual Exam Duration The duration of the LPI 201-450 exam is 90 minutes.
What exam is all about The LPI 201-450 exam is part of the Linux Professional Institute (LPI) certification program. It is designed to test the candidate's knowledge and skills in administering Linux systems, including installation and configuration, package management, file systems and storage, networking, security, and troubleshooting. The exam consists of 60 multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blank questions, and candidates have 90 minutes to complete it. Passing the exam demonstrates that the candidate has the knowledge and skills required to work as a Linux system administrator.
Passing Score required The passing score required in the LPI 201-450 exam is 500 out of 800. This means that you need to answer at least 62.5% of the questions correctly to pass the exam. It is important to note that the passing score may vary depending on the difficulty level of the exam and the specific version of the test that you are taking. It is always recommended to aim for a higher score to ensure that you have a good understanding of the subject matter and are well-prepared for the certification.
Competency Level required I don't have personal experience or knowledge about the competency level required for LPI 201-450 Exam. However, according to the Linux Professional Institute (LPI), the LPI 201-450 Exam is designed for individuals who have intermediate-level knowledge and skills in Linux administration. This means that candidates should have a good understanding of Linux command-line tools, system administration, networking, security, and troubleshooting. They should also be familiar with Linux file systems, package management, and shell scripting. To pass the exam, candidates need to demonstrate their ability to perform various tasks related to Linux administration, such as configuring network interfaces, managing users and groups, setting up file systems, and securing the system.
Questions Format The LPI 201-450 exam consists of multiple-choice questions, fill-in-the-blank questions, and drag-and-drop questions. The exam also includes scenario-based questions that require candidates to analyze a given situation and select the best course of action. Additionally, the exam may include questions that require candidates to identify errors in code or configuration files.
Delivery of Exam The LPI 201-450 exam is a computer-based exam that is delivered through Pearson VUE testing centers. It is a multiple-choice exam that consists of 60 questions and has a time limit of 90 minutes. The exam is designed to test the candidate's knowledge and skills in Linux system administration, including installation and configuration, user and group management, file systems and storage, networking, and security.
Language offered The LPI 201-450 exam is offered in English language only.
Cost of exam I don't have access to the current pricing information for the LPI 201-450 exam. However, you can visit the official website of the Linux Professional Institute (LPI) to get the latest pricing information for the exam. The cost may vary depending on your location and the currency exchange rate.
Target Audience The LPI 201-450 certification exam is designed for IT professionals who have intermediate-level knowledge and skills in Linux administration. The target audience for this exam includes: 1. Linux system administrators who want to validate their skills and knowledge in Linux administration. 2. IT professionals who are responsible for managing Linux servers and systems in their organizations. 3. Linux enthusiasts who want to enhance their knowledge and skills in Linux administration. 4. Students who are pursuing a career in Linux administration and want to validate their skills and knowledge. 5. IT professionals who want to switch their career to Linux administration. 6. Linux developers who want to understand the Linux operating system and its administration. 7. IT professionals who want to enhance their career prospects by obtaining a recognized certification in Linux administration. Overall, the LPI 201-450 certification exam is suitable for anyone who wants to validate their skills and knowledge in Linux administration and enhance their career prospects in the IT industry.
Average Salary in Market I don't have access to current market data. However, according to Payscale, the average salary for a Linux system administrator with LPI certification ranges from $50,000 to $100,000 per year, depending on experience, location, and other factors. It's important to note that salary can vary widely based on industry, company size, and other factors.
Testing Provider I do not have the ability to provide the LPI 201-450 exam for testing. However, you can visit the official website of the Linux Professional Institute (LPI) to register for the exam and find authorized testing centers near you.
Recommended Experience I don't have personal experience, but according to the Linux Professional Institute (LPI), the recommended experience for the LPI 201-450 exam includes: 1. At least one year of experience working with Linux systems. 2. Familiarity with the Linux command line interface (CLI). 3. Knowledge of Linux system administration tasks, such as user management, file permissions, and package management. 4. Understanding of networking concepts and protocols. 5. Familiarity with shell scripting and automation tools. 6. Knowledge of virtualization and containerization technologies. 7. Understanding of security concepts and best practices. It's important to note that these are only recommendations, and candidates may still be able to pass the exam without meeting all of these requirements. However, having a solid foundation in these areas will increase the likelihood of success on the exam.
Prerequisite The prerequisite for the LPI 201-450 exam is to have a basic understanding of Linux operating systems and command-line interfaces. It is recommended to have completed the LPI 101 and 102 exams or have equivalent knowledge and experience. Additionally, candidates should have experience with Linux administration, networking, and security.
Retirement (If Applicable) it is recommended to check the official website of the Linux Professional Institute (LPI) for the latest updates on exam retirements and replacements.
Certification Track (RoadMap): The LPI 201-450 exam is part of the Linux Professional Institute (LPI) certification program, which is designed to validate the skills and knowledge of IT professionals working with Linux systems. The certification track/roadmap for the LPI 201-450 exam includes the following steps: 1. Obtain the LPIC-1 certification by passing the LPI 101 and 102 exams. 2. Pass the LPI 201 exam to obtain the LPIC-2 certification. 3. Pass the LPI 202 exam to obtain the LPIC-2 certification. 4. Pass the LPI 300 exam to obtain the LPIC-3 certification. 5. Choose a specialization area and pass the corresponding LPI 303, 304, or 300 exam to obtain the LPIC-3 certification in that area. The LPI 201-450 exam specifically covers advanced Linux administration topics, including system maintenance, networking, security, and troubleshooting. Passing this exam is a key step towards obtaining the LPIC-2 certification and advancing in the LPI certification program.
Official Information https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/exam-201-objectives
See Expected Questions LPI 201-450 Expected Questions in Actual Exam
Take Self-Assessment Use LPI 201-450 Practice Test to Assess your preparation - Save Time and Reduce Chances of Failure

LPI 201-450 Exam Topics :

Section Weight Objectives
Topic 200: Capacity Planning 8%

200.1 Measure and Troubleshoot Resource Usage

Weight: 6

Description: Candidates should be able to measure hardware resource and network bandwidth, identify and troubleshoot resource problems.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Measure CPU usage
  • Measure memory usage
  • Measure disk I/O
  • Measure network I/O
  • Measure firewalling and routing throughput
  • Map client bandwidth usage
  • Match / correlate system symptoms with likely problems
  • Estimate throughput and identify bottlenecks in a system including networking

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • iostat
  • netstat
  • w
  • top
  • sar
  • processes blocked on I/O
  • blocks out
  • vmstat
  • pstree, ps
  • Isof
  • uptime
  • swap
  • blocks in

 

200.2 Predict Future Resource Needs

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to monitor resource usage to predict future resource needs.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Use monitoring and measurement tools to monitor IT infrastructure usage.
  • Predict capacity break point of a configuration
  • Observe growth rate of capacity usage
  • Graph the trend of capacity usage
  • Awareness of monitoring solutions such as Icinga2, Nagios, collectd, MRTG and Cacti

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

  • diagnose
  • predict growth
  • resource exhaustion
Topic 201: Linux Kernel 9%

201.1 Kernel Components

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to utilize kernel components that are necessary to specific hardware, hardware drivers, system resources and requirements. This objective includes implementing different types of kernel images, identifying stable and development kernels and patches, as well as using kernel modules.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Kernel 2.6.x, 3.x and 4.x documentation

Terms and Utilities:

  • /usr/src/linux/
  • /usr/src/linux/Documentation/
  • zImage
  • bzImage
  • xz compression

 

201.2 Compiling a kernel

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be able to properly configure a kernel to include or disable specific features of the Linux kernel as necessary. This objective includes compiling and recompiling the Linux kernel as needed, updating and noting changes in a new kernel, creating an initrd image and installing new kernels.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • /usr/src/linux/
  • Kernel Makefiles
  • Kernel 2.6.x/3.x make targets
  • Customize the current kernel configuration.
  • Build a new kernel and appropriate kernel modules.
  • Install a new kernel and any modules.
  • Ensure that the boot manager can locate the new kernel and associated files.
  • Module configuration files
  • Use DKMS to compile kernel modules.
  • Awareness of dracut

Terms and Utilities:

  • mkinitrd
  • mkinitramfs
  • make
  • make targets (all, config, xconfig, menuconfig, gconfig, oldconfig, mrproper, zImage, bzImage, modules, modules_install, rpm-pkg, binrpm-pkg, deb-pkg)
  • gzip
  • bzip2
  • module tools
  • /usr/src/linux/.config
  • /lib/modules/kernel-version/
  • depmod
  • dkms

 

201.3 Kernel runtime management and troubleshooting

Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to manage and/or query a 2.6.x, 3.x or 4.x kernel and its loadable modules. Candidates should be able to identify and correct common boot and run time issues. Candidates should understand device detection and management using udev. This objective includes troubleshooting udev rules.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Use command-line utilities to get information about the currently running kernel and kernel modules
  • Manually load and unload kernel modules
  • Determine when modules can be unloaded
  • Determine what parameters a module accepts
  • Configure the system to load modules by names other than their file name.
  • /proc filesystem
  • Content of /, /boot/ , and /lib/modules/
  • Tools and utilities to analyze information about the available hardware
  • udev rules

Terms and Utilities:

  • /lib/modules/kernel-version/modules.dep
  • module configuration files in /etc/
  • /proc/sys/kernel/
  • /sbin/depmod
  • /sbin/rmmod
  • /sbin/modinfo
  • /bin/dmesg
  • /sbin/lspci
  • /usr/bin/lsdev
  • /sbin/lsmod
  • /sbin/modprobe
  • /sbin/insmod
  • /bin/uname
  • /usr/bin/lsusb
  • /etc/sysctl.conf, /etc/sysctl.d/
  • /sbin/sysctl
  • udevmonitor
  • udevadm monitor
  • /etc/udev/
Topic 202: System Startup 7%

202.1 Customizing SysV-init system startup

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be able to query and modify the behaviour of system services at various targets / run levels. A thorough understanding of the systemd, SysV Init and the Linux boot process is required. This objective includes interacting with systemd targets and SysV init run levels.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Systemd
  • SysV init
  • Linux Standard Base Specification (LSB)

Terms and Utilities:

  • /usr/lib/systemd/
  • /etc/systemd/
  • /run/systemd/
  • systemctl
  • systemd-delta
  • /etc/inittab
  • /etc/init.d/
  • /etc/rc.d/
  • chkconfig
  • update-rc.d
  • init and telinit

 

202.2 System Recovery

Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to properly manipulate a Linux system during both the boot process and during recovery mode. This objective includes using both the init utility and init-related kernel options. Candidates should be able to determine the cause of errors in loading and usage of bootloaders. GRUB version 2 and GRUB Legacy are the bootloaders of interest. Both BIOS and UEFI systems are covered.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • BIOS and UEFI
  • NVMe booting
  • GRUB version 2 and Legacy
  • grub shell
  • boot loader start and hand off to kernel
  • kernel loading
  • hardware initialisation and setup
  • daemon/service initialisation and setup
  • Know the different boot loader install locations on a hard disk or removable device.
  • Overwrite standard boot loader options and using boot loader shells.
  • Use systemd rescue and emergency modes.

Terms and Utilities:

  • mount
  • fsck
  • inittab, telinit and init with SysV init
  • The contents of /boot/, /boot/grub/ and /boot/efi/
  • EFI System Partition (ESP)
  • GRUB
  • grub-install
  • efibootmgr
  • UEFI shell
  • initrd, initramfs
  • Master boot record
  • systemctl

 

Topic 203: Filesystem and Devices 9%

203.1 Operating the Linux filesystem

Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to properly configure and navigate the standard Linux filesystem. This objective includes configuring and mounting various filesystem types.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • The concept of the fstab configuration
  • Tools and utilities for handling swap partitions and files
  • Use of UUIDs for identifying and mounting file systems
  • Understanding of systemd mount units

Terms and Utilities:

  • /etc/fstab
  • /etc/mtab
  • /proc/mounts
  • mount and umount
  • blkid
  • sync
  • swapon
  • swapoff

 

203.2 Maintaining a Linux filesystem?

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be able to properly maintain a Linux filesystem using system utilities. This objective includes manipulating standard filesystems and monitoring SMART devices.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Tools and utilities to manipulate and ext2, ext3 and ext4
  • Tools and utilities to perform basic Btrfs operations, including subvolumes and snapshots
  • Tools and utilities to manipulate XFS
  • Awareness of ZFS

Terms and Utilities:

  • mkfs (mkfs.*)
  • mkswap
  • fsck (fsck.*)
  • tune2fs, dumpe2fs and debugfs
  • btrfs, btrfs-convert
  • xfs_info, xfs_check, xfs_repair, xfsdump and xfsrestore
  • smartd, smartctl

 

203.3 Creating and configuring filesystem options

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to configure automount filesystems using AutoFS. This objective includes configuring automount for network and device filesystems. Also included is creating filesystems for devices such as CD-ROMs and a basic feature knowledge of encrypted filesystems.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • autofs configuration files
  • Understanding of automount units
  • UDF and ISO9660 tools and utilities
  • Awareness of other CD-ROM filesystems (HFS)
  • Awareness of CD-ROM filesystem extensions (Joliet, Rock Ridge, El Torito)
  • Basic feature knowledge of data encryption (dm-crypt / LUKS)

Terms and Utilities:

  • /etc/auto.master
  • /etc/auto.[dir]
  • mkisofs
  • cryptsetup
Topic 204: Advanced Storage Device Administration 8%

204.1 Configuring RAID

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be able to configure and implement software RAID. This objective includes using and configuring RAID 0, 1 and 5.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Software raid configuration files and utilities

Terms and Utilities:

  • mdadm.conf
  • mdadm
  • /proc/mdstat
  • partition type 0xFD

 

204.2 Adjusting Storage Device Access

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to configure kernel options to support various drives. This objective includes software tools to view & modify hard disk settings including iSCSI devices.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Tools and utilities to configure DMA for IDE devices including ATAPI and SATA
  • Tools and utilities to configure Solid State Drives including AHCI and NVMe
  • Tools and utilities to manipulate or analyse system resources (e.g. interrupts)
  • Awareness of sdparm command and its uses
  • Tools and utilities for iSCSI
  • Awareness of SAN, including relevant protocols (AoE, FCoE)

Terms and Utilities:

  • hdparm, sdparm
  • nvme
  • tune2fs
  • fstrim
  • sysctl
  • /dev/hd*, /dev/sd*, /dev/nvme*
  • iscsiadm, scsi_id, iscsid and iscsid.conf
  • WWID, WWN, LUN numbers

 

204.3 Logical Volume Manager

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be able to create and remove logical volumes, volume groups, and physical volumes. This objective includes snapshots and resizing logical volumes.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Tools in the LVM suite
  • Resizing, renaming, creating, and removing logical volumes, volume groups, and physical volumes
  • Creating and maintaining snapshots
  • Activating volume groups

Terms and Utilities:

  • /sbin/pv*
  • /sbin/lv*
  • /sbin/vg*
  • mount
  • /dev/mapper/
  • lvm.conf
Topic 205: Network Configuration  

205.1 Basic networking configuration

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be able to configure a network device to be able to connect to a local, wired or wireless, and a wide-area network. This objective includes being able to communicate between various subnets within a single network including both IPv4 and IPv6 networks.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
  • Configuring basic access to wireless networks

Terms and Utilities:

  • ip
  • ifconfig
  • route
  • arp
  • iw
  • iwconfig
  • iwlist

 

205.2 Advanced Network Configuration and Troubleshooting

Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to configure a network device to implement various network authentication schemes. This objective includes configuring a multi-homed network device and resolving communication problems.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Utilities to manipulate routing tables
  • Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
  • Utilities to analyze the status of the network devices
  • Utilities to monitor and analyze the TCP/IP traffic

Terms and Utilities:

  • ip
  • ifconfig
  • route
  • arp
  • ss
  • netstat
  • lsof
  • ping, ping6
  • nc
  • tcpdump
  • nmap

 

205.3 Troubleshooting Network Issues

Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to identify and correct common network setup issues, to include knowledge of locations for basic configuration files and commands.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Location and content of access restriction files
  • Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
  • Utilities to manage routing tables
  • Utilities to list network states.
  • Utilities to gain information about the network configuration
  • Methods of information about the recognized and used hardware devices
  • System initialization files and their contents (SysV init process)
  • Awareness of NetworkManager and its impact on network configuration

Terms and Utilities:

  • ip
  • ifconfig
  • route
  • ss
  • netstat
  • /etc/network/, /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
  • ping, ping6
  • traceroute, traceroute6
  • mtr
  • hostname
  • System log files such as /var/log/syslog, /var/log/messages and the systemd journal
  • dmesg
  • /etc/resolv.conf
  • /etc/hosts
  • /etc/hostname, /etc/HOSTNAME
  • /etc/hosts.allow, /etc/hosts.deny
Topic 206: System Maintenance 6%

206.1 Make and install programs from source

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to build and install an executable program from source. This objective includes being able to unpack a file of sources.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Unpack source code using common compression and archive utilities
  • Understand basics of invoking make to compile programs
  • Apply parameters to a configure script
  • Know where sources are stored by default

Terms and Utilities:

  • /usr/src/
  • gunzip
  • gzip
  • bzip2
  • xz
  • tar
  • configure
  • make
  • uname
  • install
  • patch

 

206.2 Backup operations

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be able to use system tools to back up important system data.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Knowledge about directories that have to be include in backups
  • Awareness of network backup solutions such as Amanda, Bacula, Bareos and BackupPC
  • Knowledge of the benefits and drawbacks of tapes, CDR, disk or other backup media
  • Perform partial and manual backups.
  • Verify the integrity of backup files.
  • Partially or fully restore backups.

Terms and Utilities:

  • /bin/sh
  • dd
  • tar
  • /dev/st* and /dev/nst*
  • mt
  • rsync

206.3 Notify users on system-related issues

Weight: 1

Description: Candidates should be able to notify the users about current issues related to the system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • ?Automate communication with users through logon messages
  • Inform active users of system maintenance

Terms and Utilities:

  • /etc/issue
  • /etc/issue.net
  • /etc/motd
  • wall
  • /sbin/shutdown
  • systemctl