CWNP Updated CWNA-108 Exam Questions and Answers by zarah

Authenticated and Unassociated. According to one of the web search results1, a STA can be authenticated to multiple APs, but it can only be associated to one AP at a time. Association is the process of establishing a logical link between the STA and the AP, which allows the STA to send and receive data frames through the AP2. Therefore, when a STA has authenticated to an AP-1, but still maintains a connection with another AP-2, it means that the STA is authenticated to both APs, but only associated to AP-2. The state of the STA on AP-1 is authenticated and unassociated, which means that the STA can switch to AP-1 without repeating the authentication process, but it cannot send or receive data frames through AP-1 until it becomes associated.

A high-density deployment is a wireless network that is designed to support a large number of users and devices in a relatively small area. This type of deployment is often used in enterprise environments, such as offices, schools, and hospitals.

The use of semi-directional antennas in the deployment described in the question is a good indication that it is a high-density deployment. Semi-directional antennas can be used to focus the signal from an access point in a specific direction. This can help to reduce interference and improve performance in high-density environments.

The other answer choices are less likely to be correct for the following reasons:

• SOHO (small office/home office) deployments are typically smaller and less complex than high-density deployments.
• Residential deployments are typically even smaller and less complex than SOHO deployments.
• Standard office deployments may be high-density, but they may also be lower-density.

It is important to note that the type of deployment is not determined solely by the output power of the access points. However, the use of 10 mW of output power on the 2.4 GHz radios and 20 mW of output power on the 5GHz radios is also consistent with a high-density deployment.

Here are some additional tips for deploying a high-density wireless network:

• Use a site survey to determine the optimal placement of access points.
• Configure the access points to use non-overlapping channels.
• Use semi-directional or directional antennas to focus the signal and reduce interference.
• Implement a wireless intrusion prevention system (WIPS) to detect and mitigate rogue access points and other security threats.

Elevators are a common building item that frequently causes RF shadow and must be accounted for in coverage plans. RF shadow is a term that describes an area where wireless signals are blocked or significantly weakened by an obstacle or an object that absorbs or reflects RF energy. RF shadow can cause lack of coverage or poor performance in a WLAN because wireless devices in those areas may not be able to communicate with access points or other devices. RF shadow can be mitigated by adjusting access point placement, antenna orientation, transmit power level, or channel selection to avoid or overcome the obstacle or object that causes it. Elevators are a common building item that frequently causes RF shadow because they are made of metal and they move up and down within a shaft. Metal is a material that has high attenuation and reflection values, which means it can block or bounce off wireless signals very effectively. A moving elevator can create dynamic RF shadow that changes depending on its position and direction. Therefore, elevators must be accounted for in coverage plans to ensure adequate WLAN coverage and performance throughout the facility. The other options are not common building items that frequently cause RF shadow or must be accounted for in coverage plans. Wooden doors are not likely to cause RF shadow because they are made of wood, which is a material that has low attenuation and reflection values, which means it can pass through or slightly weaken wireless signals. Carpeted floors are not likely to cause RF shadow because they are made of fabric, which is a material that has low attenuation and reflection values, which means it can pass through or slightly weaken wireless signals. Cubicle partitions are not likely to cause RF shadow because they are made of thin plastic or cardboard, which are materials that have low attenuation and reflection values, which means they can pass through or slightly weaken wireless signals. References: CWNA-109 Study Guide, Chapter 13: Wireless LAN Site Surveys - Types & Processes , page 433